Dr William Boothe

Tue, 05/03/2011 - 4:24AM by drwilliamboothe 0 Comments - 6 Views

Dr Boothe
Keratoconus a disorder characterized by an irregular corneal surface (cone-shaped) resulting in blurred and distorted images.
Informed Consent Form a document disclosing the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a procedure.( - Dr William Boothe)

Dr Boothe: Radial Keratotomy: commonly referred to as RK; a surgical procedure designed to correct myopia (nearsightedness) by flattening the cornea using radial cuts.

In Situ a Latin term meaning "in place" or not removed.

Dr William Boothe

LASIK: the acronym for laser assisted in situ keratomileusis which refers to creating a flap in the cornea with a microkeratome and using a laser to reshape the underlying cornea. ( Dr Boothe )

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Refraction: a test to determine the refractive power of the eye; also, the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another.

Dr William Boothe

Keratotomy: a surgical incision (cut) of the cornea.( Dr Boothe )
Dr William Boothe: Epithelium: the outermost layer of cells of the cornea and the eye's first defense against infection.
Dr Boothe: Halos are rings around lights due to optical imperfections in or in front of the eye.

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Wed, 07/21/2010 - 7:22AM by drwilliamboothe 0 Comments - 7 Views

Macular degeneration Disorder characterized by changes in the eye's macula that result in the gradual loss of central vision. The exact cause is unknown, but appears to be related to a genetic predisposition, smoking and several other risk factors. Central vision may be blurred, distorted (metamorphopsia) or shadowy before vision loss occurs.

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Often called a "ministroke," a TIA is a short-lived blood clot-induced blockage of the blood supply to the brain. Vision may be blurred; other symptoms may include numbness on one side of the body, slurring of speech, dizziness and paralysis.(03 January 2008 - Blog article Dr. Boothe Laser Center )

Corneal ring Type of vision correction surgery where a doctor inserts a tiny plastic ring into the cornea (which lets light into the eye). This ring reshapes the cornea, helping it to focus light better onto the retina so you can see better. The ring can be adjusted and even removed if desired.

Microcornea Abnormally small cornea.

Fungal: Pertaining to a fungus. For example, a fungal skin infection.

Diplopia Also called double vision. When two images of the same object are perceived by one or both eyes. Read our article on double vision and also review eye symptoms for a list of conditions that can cause double vision.Boothe Eye Care

Keratoplasty Any of several types of corneal surgery, such as shrinking the collagen to reduce farsightedness or transplanting a new cornea to treat keratoconus.

Lacrimal: Pertaining to tears, as in lacrimal gland (tear gland). From the Indo-European dakru meaning a tear (from a weeping eye) which gave rise to the Greek dakry and the Latin lacrima. (03 June 2010 Boothe Eye Center )

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Cranial nerve One of the 12 pairs of nerves that go from the brain to other parts of the head. Those that affect the eyes and vision are the second cranial nerve (optic nerve), third (oculomotor), fourth (troclear), sixth (abducens) and seventh (facial). The optic nerve carries stimuli from the rods and cones to the brain. The third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves work with the eye muscles to control eye movement. The seventh cranial nerve works with the facial muscles to control facial movement (specifically the closure of the eyelids).

Strabismus A misalignment of the eyes: the eye don't point at the same object together. Crossed eyes (esotropia) are one type of strabismus; "wall-eyes" (exotropia) are another. The exact cause is unknown, but appears to be a problem with the eye muscles. Strabismus can affect depth perception.( 15 January 2008 Blog article Dr. William Boothe Dallas )

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Wed, 07/21/2010 - 7:22AM by drwilliamboothe 0 Comments - 7 Views

Canaliculus Tiny, tube-shaped passageway in the body. In the eye, canaliculi are tiny channels at the beginning of tear ducts through which tears drain until they exit into the nose.

Fluorescein angiography An imaging test that involves first injecting fluorescent yellow-green dye into the veins. When the dye reaches interior regions of the eye, it provides opportunity for high contrast photography or other imaging of blood vessels. Fluorescein angiography particularly is useful in diagnosing conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, which in advanced forms can be characterized by abnormal growth of blood vessels in the retina.(02 September 2009 - Online press article Boothe Eye Center )

RGP (Rigid Gas Permeable) Type of contact lens made of breathable plastic that is custom-fit to the shape of the cornea. RGPs are the successor to old-fashioned hard lenses, which are now virtually obsolete.

Solution Product used to clean, disinfect and store contact lenses.

Keratotomy Incision of the cornea.

Binocular vision Ability of both eyes to work together to achieve proper focus, depth perception and range of vision.Boothe Eye Care

Pupil: The opening of the iris. The pupil may appear to open (dilate) and close (constrict) but it is really the iris that is the prime mover; the pupil is merely the absence of iris. The pupil determines how much light is let into the eye. Both pupils are usually of equal size. If they are not, that is termed anisocoria (from "a-", not + "iso", equal + "kore", pupil = not equal pupils).

Albinism Condition where a person or animal lacks pigment. Albinos' eyes often have very light blue or pink irises and a pink pupil (due to lack of pigment inside the back of the eye). Visual symptoms include light sensitivity, nystagmus, blurred vision, vision loss and strabismus. (09 March 2010 Dr. Boothe Laser Center )

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Chalazion A small bump on the eyelid caused by an obstructed meibomian gland. Additional symptoms include light sensitivity, tearing and eyelid swelling. Chalazia are usually not painful unless they become infected. Read more about chalazia.

Stroma The cornea's middle layer; it consists of lamellae (collagen) and cells, and makes up most of the cornea.( 15 June 2007 Press article Dr. Boothe )

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Wed, 07/21/2010 - 7:21AM by drwilliamboothe 0 Comments - 8 Views

Optician In the United States, opticians are not doctors, but in some states they must complete training and be licensed. And in some states they can, after special training, become certified to fit contact lenses. (Please visit the Opticians Association of America website for licensing requirements for various states.) Most opticians sell and fit eyeglasses, sunglasses, and specialty eyewear that are made to an optometrist's or ophthalmologist's prescription. Many also have equipment on the premises so they can grind lenses and put them in frames without ordering from a lab.

Internal medicine: A medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis and medical treatment of adults. A physician who specializes in internal medicine is referred to as an internist. A minimum of seven years of medical school and postgraduate training are focused on learning the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of adults. Subspecialties of internal medicine include allergy and immunology, cardiology (heart), endocrinology (hormone disorders), hematology (blood disorders), infectious diseases, gastroenterology (diseases of the gut), nephrology (kidney diseases), oncology (cancer), pulmonology (lung disorders), and rheumatology (arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders).(12 April 2009 - Blog article Dr. William Boothe Dallas )

Uveitis Inflammation of the uvea. In most cases, the cause is unknown, but infectious or immunological systemic disorders can cause uveitis. Symptoms vary depending on where in the uvea the inflammation occurs; they include mild to strong eye pain, redness, light sensitivity, blurred vision and floaters. You may also experience tearing, a pupil that responds poorly to light or squinting. Specific types of uveitis include iritis, iridocyclitis, cyclitis, pars planitis and choroiditis. Read our uveitis article.

Chalazion : A cyst of the little glands in the eyelids that make a lubricant which they discharge through tiny openings in the edges of the lids. The lubricant is a fatty substance called sebum characteristic of sebaceous glands.

Trichotillomania Disorder characterized by compulsive hair or eyelash pulling. The exact cause is not known.

Eye: The organ of sight. The eye has a number of components. These components include but are not limited to the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, macula, optic nerve, choroid and vitreous.Dr. William Boothe Lasik

Lateral rectus muscle Muscle that moves the eye away from the nose.

Retinitis pigmentosa Usually inherited condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the retina, resulting in night blindness and decreased peripheral vision. For more information, please see our retinitis pigmentosa article. (25 December 2009 Dr. Boothe Lasik )

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Tay-Sachs disease Hereditary disorder resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase. Symptoms include blindness, delayed development, seizures and paralysis. Tay-Sachs disease often results in an early death.

Scleritis Inflammation of the sclera. Autoimmune disorders are the most common cause. Symptoms include a red or pink eye, eye pain, light sensitivity, tearing and blurred vision.( 14 May 2009 Online press article Dr. Boothe Lasik )

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Fri, 07/16/2010 - 9:06AM by drwilliamboothe 0 Comments - 8 Views

Descemet's membrane Corneal layer between the stroma and the endothelium.

Contact lens drops Eyedrops for contact lens wearers; regular eyedrops can discolor contact lenses.(28 December 2007 - Blog article Dr. William Boothe )

Atropine: A drug obtained from belladonna that is administered via injection, eye drops, or in oral form to relax muscles by inhibiting nerve responses. Used to dilate the pupils and as an antispasmodic .

Vitreous detachment Separation of the vitreous from the retina, caused by age-related vitreous shrinkage. Floaters are the typical symptom, but some people experience flashes of light as the vitreous tugs or causes traction on the retina prior to complete separation. Read our spots and floaters article.

Frequent replacement contact lenses Also called planned replacement. Technically, this is any contact lens that is thrown away after a moderately short period of time. Among most eye care practitioners, "disposable" usage ranges from one day to two weeks, while "frequent replacement" lenses are discarded monthly or quarterly.

Visual acuity Sharpness of vision, usually as measured with the use of a Snellen chart. 20/20 is considered normal visual acuity, though some people can see even better (such as 20/15 or 20/10).Boothe Eye Care

Corneal abrasion A loss of the epithelial layer of the cornea, typically due to minor trauma (contact lens trauma, a sports injury, dirt or another foreign body, etc.). Symptoms include blurred vision, foreign body sensation, grittiness, light sensitivity, eye pain or discomfort, a red or pink eye and tearing.

Diopter Unit of measure for the refractive (light-bending) power of a lens; eye care practitioners use it in eyeglass and contact lens prescriptions. A negative number refers to nearsightedness; a positive number, farsightedness. For example, someone with -8.00 diopter lenses is very nearsighted, while someone with +0.75 diopter lenses is only slightly farsighted. (29 January 2009 Dr. William Boothe Lasik )

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Myopia Also called nearsightedness. Condition in which the length of the eye is too long, causing light rays to focus in front of the retina rather than on it, resulting in blurred distance vision. Additional symptoms include eyestrain, poor night vision and squinting.

Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin, either due to direct contact with an irritating substance, or to an allergic reaction. Symptoms of dermatitis include redness, itching, and in some cases blistering.( 14 May 2007 Online press Dr. Boothe )

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Fri, 07/16/2010 - 9:05AM by drwilliamboothe 0 Comments - 12 Views

Macular edema Swelling of the central portion of the retina (macula), due to buildup of fluid leaking from retinal blood vessels. Causes temporary or permanent vision loss if untreated.

Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea, caused by an infection or inflammatory process. Symptoms include eye pain or discomfort, light sensitivity, foreign body sensation, grittiness and tearing.(05 September 2007 - Press article Boothe Eye Care )

Vascular problem Problems with your body's vascular system (i.e., blood vessels, arteries and so on) can include hardening of the arteries, high blood pressure, a clot, an aneurysm, an embolus, etc. These problems can sometimes affect the eyes, resulting in such symptoms as blurred vision, a bulging eye, double vision, eye pain or discomfort, a red or pink eye, eyelid swelling and vision loss.

Prosthetic Refers to a prosthesis, which is an artificial replacement for a part of the body. Read more about prosthetic contact lenses.

Retina The sensory membrane that lines the back of the eye. Cells in the retina called photoreceptors transform light energy into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain by way of the optic nerve.

Eye care practitioner Optometrists (ODs) and ophthalmologists (MDs) both practice eye care, but in different, though often overlapping, areas: In the United States, ODs (Doctors of Optometry) examine eyes for both vision and health problems, prescribe eyeglasses, prescribe and fit contact lenses, and treat some eye conditions and diseases. ODs attend four years of optometry school after attaining their BS or BA college degree. MDs are medical doctors who specialize in the eyes. They examine eyes, treat disease, perform surgery, and prescribe glasses and contacts. Like other physicians, they complete a BS or BA degree, attend four years of medical school, and complete a residency program in their practice specialty. Both ODs and MDs often pursue further subspecialty fellowship training, and they take additional continuing education courses during their careers in order to stay up to date and to maintain state and national board certifications. Other non-doctor eye care practitioners include paraoptometrics, contact lens technicians, and opticians, whose training and continuing education requirements can differ depending on the state in which they practice.Dr. William Boothe Dallas

Keratoconjunctivitis Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.

Rheopheresis The RHEO Procedure ("rheopheresis") is a method of blood filtration (apheresis) for treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration that removes large proteins and fatty components from the blood to improve circulation to macular cells at the back of the eye. For more information, please see our article on age-related macular degeneration. (21 July 2008 Dr. William Boothe Lasik )

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Nickel Metallic element used mainly in alloys. Many eyeglass frames are made of nickel alloy, so people who are allergic should choose a hypoallergenic substitute, such as titanium.( 22 January 2009 Blog article Dr. Boothe )

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Fri, 07/16/2010 - 9:05AM by drwilliamboothe 0 Comments - 13 Views

Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea, caused by an infection or inflammatory process. Symptoms include eye pain or discomfort, light sensitivity, foreign body sensation, grittiness and tearing.

Ablation Removal. In vision, ablation refers to the surgical removal of eye tissue to correct a refractive error such as myopia. For example, in laser procedures such as LASIK and PRK, the excimer laser ablates, or removes, tissue from the cornea.(13 July 2007 - Press article Boothe Eye Center )

ANSI The American National Standards Institute is a private, non-profit organization that coordinates efforts to develop standards for manufacturing many different products, including eyeglass lenses. For example, certain ANSI standards define acceptable levels of impact resistance for safety eyewear.

Posterior chamber Part of the eye behind the iris and in front of the lens.

Episcleritis Inflammation of the episclera. The cause is usually unknown, but episcleritis may be associated with some systemic (e.g., autoimmune) diseases. Symptoms include a red or pink eye, eye pain or discomfort, light sensitivity and tearing.

Nystagmus Rapid and involuntary eye movement that is oscillating and non-chaotic. Blurred vision may result. Nystagmus typically affects infants and has a variety of causes.Dr. Boothe Laser Center

Arcus An opaque arc or ring around the peripheral cornea, this represents fatty or oily deposits in the cornea. It is usually seen in elderly people and is called arcus senilis. Arcus juvenilis is seen in people younger than 40 and often indicates high levels of cholesterol in the blood.

Episclera Outer layer of the eye's sclera that loosely connects it to the conjunctiva. (14 July 2009 Boothe Eye Care )

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Scrubs: A protective garment designed to be worn by the doctor, nurse, and others in the operating room. The garment was originally a gown. Scrubs now include the shirt and pants worn by those who scrub in for surgery.

Cystoid macular edema (CME) Swelling of the eye's macula, caused by an excessive amount of fluid.( 26 August 2009 Online blog Dr. William Boothe Lasik )

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Fri, 07/16/2010 - 9:04AM by drwilliamboothe 0 Comments - 13 Views

Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the part of the eye that collectively refers to the iris, the choroid of the eye, and the ciliary body. The uvea provides most of the blood supply to the retina. Uveitis as a rule signifies inflammation involving the iris, choroid, and ciliary body -- all three components of the uveal tract.

Cranial nerve palsy Palsy (full or partial paralysis) of the third, fourth or sixth cranial nerves can result in difficulty moving the eye with such symptoms as eyes that don't point in the same direction, reduced depth perception, double vision, ptosis, vision loss, a dilated pupil that doesn't respond to light and head tilting. Causes include head trauma, diabetes, tumors, aneurysms, infarction (tissue death) and more.(23 February 2008 - Press article Dr. Boothe Lasik )

Vergence disorder Vergence refers to the eyes' ability to turn either inward (convergence) or outward (divergence); convergence insufficiency is the most common vergence disorder. The disorders' exact causes are unknown. Symptoms include double vision, eyestrain, fatigue, headache, squinting and difficulty concentrating (particularly while reading).

Condition: The term "condition" has a number of biomedical meanings including the following:
1. An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition."
2. A state of fitness, such as "getting into condition."
3. Something that is essential to the occurrence of something else; essentially a "precondition."
4. As a verb: to cause a change in something so that a response that was previously associated with a certain stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus; to condition a person, as in behavioral conditioning.

Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea, caused by an infection or inflammatory process. Symptoms include eye pain or discomfort, light sensitivity, foreign body sensation, grittiness and tearing.

Photoablation Procedure in which a surgeon uses ultraviolet radiation to remove tissue.Dr. William Boothe Lasik

Graves' ophthalmology Autoimmune eye disorder usually associated with abnormalities of the thyroid gland; symptoms include eyelid retraction, bulging eyes, light sensitivity, eye discomfort, double vision, vision loss, a red or pink eye and a limited ability to move the eyes.

Ointment: A medication preparation that is applied topically (onto the skin). An ointment has an oil base whereas a cream is water-soluble. (The word ointment comes from the Latin ungere meaning anoint with oil). (27 February 2008 Boothe Laser Center )

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Mucus: A thick slippery fluid produced by the membranes lining certain organs such as the nose, mouth, throat, and vagina. Mucus is the Latin word for "a semifluid, slimy discharge from the nose." Note that mucus is a noun while the adjective is mucous.

Fingernail: A fingernail is produced by living skin cells in the finger. A fingernail consists of several parts including the nail plate (the visible part of the nail), the nail bed (the skin beneath the nail plate), the cuticle (the tissue that overlaps the plate and rims the base of the nail), the nail folds (the skin folds that frame and support the nail on three sides), the lunula (the whitish half-moon at the base of the nail) and the matrix (the hidden part of the nail unit under the cuticle).( 14 July 2008 Online article Dr. Boothe Dallas )

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Wed, 06/30/2010 - 7:35AM by drwilliamboothe 0 Comments - 9 Views

Glaucoma Disease characterized by elevated intraocular pressure, which causes optic nerve damage and subsequent peripheral vision loss. Most people have no initial symptoms of chronic (open-angle) glaucoma, but you can develop peripheral vision loss, headaches, blurred vision, difficulty adapting to darkness and halos around lights. Other forms of glaucoma (e.g., closed-angle glaucoma) may have additional symptoms such as eye pain, a pupil that doesn't respond to light, redness, nausea and a bulging eye.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) A common complication of surgery for retinal detachment, which causes scarring of the retina. PVR may require a vitrectomy and intricate surgical removal of scar tissue.(09 February 2010 - Press article Dr. Boothe )

Photokeratitis "Sunburn" of the cornea; symptoms include discomfort, blurred vision, and light sensitivity. The temporary vision loss that can result is called "snow blindness."

Anti-reflective coating (AR coating) Thin layer(s) applied to a lens to reduce the amount of reflected light and glare that reaches the eye. Read more about anti-reflective coatings.

Accommodation disorder Accommodation refers to the eye's ability to automatically change focus from seeing at a distance to seeing at near. Accommodation disorders have a variety of causes. Symptoms include blurred vision, double vision, eyestrain, headache, fatigue and difficulty concentrating (particularly while reading). Presbyopia is an accommodation disorder that affects everyone if they become old enough, since its causes relate to the aging of the eyes.

Pars plana Posterior part of the eye's ciliary body.Dr. William Boothe

Ischemia Poor blood flow. Obstructions such as clots in veins and arteries can block blood flow, depriving tissue of oxygen and nutrients. These blockages also can cause "eye strokes" and sudden vision loss.

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Virus: A microorganism smaller than a bacteria, which cannot grow or reproduce apart from a living cell. A virus invades living cells and uses their chemical machinery to keep itself alive and to replicate itself. It may reproduce with fidelity or with errors (mutations)-this ability to mutate is responsible for the ability of some viruses to change slightly in each infected person, making treatment more difficult.

Trichotillomania Disorder characterized by compulsive hair or eyelash pulling. The exact cause is not known.( 18 June 2007 Online press article Dr. Boothe )

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